PT-141, known as bremelanotide, has earned the
nickname “female Viagra” due to its past exploration in
phase IIb human clinical trials for managing female
hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). This peptide,
categorized as a melanocortin, primarily targets the
melanocortin 4 receptor (MC-4R) and MC-1R. Additionally,
in 2009, investigations into PT-141 extended to its
potential application in addressing acute hemorrhage.
Derived from another synthetic melanocortin, melanotan 2
(MT-2), PT-141 has garnered attention for its multifaceted
research applications beyond its initial link to sexual desire
disorder in women.

Semaglutide, derived from the naturally occurring GLP-1
peptide, is renowned for its ability to lower blood sugar
levels and enhance insulin secretion. Emerging research
indicates that Semaglutide may not only improve heart,
liver, and lung function but also potentially mitigate or
prevent the effects of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore,
Semaglutide has demonstrated a substantial reduction in
appetite by delaying gastric emptying and decreasing
intestinal motility. This GLP-1 analog has proven efficacy in
stimulating insulin and suppressing glucagon secretion in a
glucose-dependent manner.

Hailing from Russia, Semax has demonstrated its efficacy
in diverse scenarios such as stroke, cognitive impairment,
dementia, and inflammation of the optic nerve. Beyond
these applications, it has undergone evaluation as a
prospective immune system enhancer and exhibited
antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Studies have
highlighted Semax’s capability to elevate levels of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) within the central
nervous system, along with increased levels of serotonin
and dopamine.

Tesamorelin, an analogue of growth hormone releasing
hormone (GHRH), mirrors the structure of standard GHRH,
enhanced by the addition of an extra trans-3-hexanoic acid
group. Developed by Theratechnologies in Canada,
Tesamorelin earned FDA approval in 2010 as the latest
drug for managing HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Beyond
its approved use, the peptide has undergone exploration
regarding its potential to enhance peripheral nerve
regeneration and as a potential intervention for mild
cognitive impairment (MCI), which precedes dementia.

Tirzepatide was initially designed to combat type 2 diabetes, but it has demonstrated additional benefits in safeguarding the cardiovascular system and serving as a robust weight loss agent. As a synthetic derivative of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), Tirzepatide uniquely combines glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) functionality. This dual action empowers Tirzepatide to effectively lower blood glucose levels, enhance insulin sensitivity, promote feelings of satiety, and expedite weight loss.